Colombia
Identity record
Capital city
Bogota Coffee area
840,112ha Average farm area
1.56ha Geography
A wide diversity of mountainous Harvest period
October - January Secondary harvest
May - June Number of coffee growers
600000 Number of people living from the coffee industry
540000 Number of harvests per year
2 Bag production per year
14000000 Main varieties
Bourbon, Castillo, Catimor, Caturra, Cenicafe, Colombia, Geisha, Tabi, Typica
Coffee production areas
Click on the area you want to observe
Antioquia
This is the region where coffee was first introduced to Colombia over 180 years ago. A key region in coffee production, Antioquia is the country's largest producing area. With more than 128,000 hectares, the area produces different coffees because many microclimates and terroirs are present in this region.
Cauca
The Cauca region is located in the south-west of the country. It has an area of 29,308 km², which represents 2.56% of the national territory. During colonisation and until Independence in 1810, the Cauca region played an important role in the historical development of the country, both for its economic contribution and for its politics. The region has 92,674 hectares in coffee production. The Cauca region is home to some of Colombia's most impressive volcanoes. It is a key location for coffee due to its fertile and nutritious volcanic soil. The department is one of the most complex places in Colombia in social terms. The territory of Cauca was inhabited in the pre-Hispanic period by various indigenous groups, such as the Jamundies, Pances, Paeces, Calotos, Patías, Guambianos and Guanacas. Today, the western descendants live mainly in the capital city, Popayan, and the indigenous peoples live in the mountains or in more isolated areas.
Nariño
The department of Nariño is located in southwest Colombia, between the Pacific Ocean and the Amazonian forest. Its geography is quite unique, with a relief marked by Nudo de los Pastos, which is where the Andes cordillera divides into three mountain ranges.
Some of Colombia’s highest-altitude coffees come from this Nariño region. They are also some of the most complex and impressive. In many regions, producing coffee at such a high altitude is a challenge, but Nariño is quite close to the equator, and its climatic conditions are sufficiently suited to the cultivation of coffee trees.
The region’s landscapes are breathtaking. Coffee is able to grow at more extreme altitudes of 2,200 meters, and 36,159 hectares of land are dedicated to coffee production in this area. It is the main source of revenue for the farmers in the region, who produce coffee for export.
Risaralda
Santander
Santander is a historical department due it was the start point of the independence of Colombia, the land of brave people and hard workers families. The production system of the farms are not focused on the monoculture, they plant several products as cocoa, pine apple and tobacco and also animals as cows, chicken, pigs and goats.
This is one of the main organic coffee producer in Colombia thanks to the amazing shadow trees and the medium size of the farms. The altitude is not so elevated but the main feature of the cup profile is defined by the notes of cocoa, almond and nuts, the medium acidity and the full body.
Tolima
Located in the center of the country, this region is one of the most emblematic origin due to its high-end cup profile, its organic production and the high social impact by be one of the most complex regions in the recent history of Colombia. The relief is different in the micro regions of the department, at the north is hot and flat with good production of rice and cotton, in the center has mixed climates with different elevations but in the south is higher and perfect for the coffee production. Next to the main National Parks and best kept region, the South of Tolima is highly recognized as one of the most important coffee origin in the country.
Harvest periods
Region | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antioquia | ||||||||||||
Cauca | ||||||||||||
Nariño | ||||||||||||
Risaralda | ||||||||||||
Santander | ||||||||||||
Tolima |
The coffee sector from the country
The sector
Colombia produces exclusively Arabica, because Robusta is neither supported nor authorized by the Colombian Coffee Growers Federation, the FNC. This means we cannot export Robusta because there can be no certificate of origin, and because no phytosanitary rules have been established for this type of coffee. Coffee production is the main source of employment in rural areas.
The coffee-growing regions are mountainous areas. 90% of producers have very small plantations (0.80 hectares on average). The average age of a grower is 53. Many producers practice mixed farming to diversify their income (chickens, eggs, etc.). Numerous local associations and cooperatives have been set up to help growers through the various stages of the supply chain: growing, harvesting, post-harvest processing, transport, packaging, projects and certification.
Geography
Colombia is located at the north-western tip of South America and covers an area of 1,141,748 km². It is bordered by the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. It is crossed from north to south by the Andes mountain range, which divides into three branches near its southern end: the Cordillera Occidental, the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Oriental. To the east of the Cordillera Oriental lie the Orinoco river, the Llanos plain and the Colombian Amazon. Colombia’s other mountain ranges include the Serranía del Baudó and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Six of their summits stand higher than 5,000 metres. The different climates are determined by the amount of rainfall. In the plains and lowlands (situated at an altitude of less than 500 metres), the average temperature is 25 °C. The mountains and valleys located at altitudes of over 500 metres have a wide diversity of climates. They can be very humid, rainy, dry, and even very dry. The country’s size and geographical diversity partly explain the great aromatic diversity and the different harvest periods.
Main actors
The Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (FNC) was set up in 1927. It has played a determining role in the development, organization and promotion of Colombian coffee. Since its creation, a tax has been introduced for coffee exports known as the coffee contribution, which is managed by the FNC. It currently stands at USD 0.06 per pound exported. The Fondo Nacional del Café national coffee fund (FoNC) was founded in 1940. It is managed by the FNC and renewed every 10 years.
Export Ports
Buenaventura (Pacific ocean)
Cartagena (Carribean sea)
Santa Marta (Atlantic Ocean)
Belco, Colombia
We set up our Armenia branch in 2021, and it now employs 5 people: Diego, our Branch and Sourcing Manager, Monica, our Field Agricultural Engineer, César, our Quality Manager and Q Grader, Maria Silvia, our Marketing and Sales Support Manager, and Kevin, our Quality Assistant. Having a branch at origin is essential for Belco. It allows us to source coffees directly from producers and to choose them based on our customers’ needs. We are also on hand to help farmers with agroforestry, post-harvest processing and quality improvement and to support their transition to more sustainable farming practices. And it is easier for us to set up innovative environmental and social projects and to perform additional quality controls.
Sourcer's word
Our Belco Colombia team has developed activities that effectively and efficiently include everyone involved in the value chain, from the farm and producers through to coffee export. Our aim is to generate value and cultivate special relationships built on trust, that will develop and grow stronger over time. We have set up projects, programmes, training, coaching, knowledge-sharing initiatives, academic conferences, field visits, cuppings, internal (for our colleagues) and external (for our customers) visits in different regions, all in the name of Belco. 2021 has been a year rich in learning and experiences, which are helping us to develop our brand. Our branch is a useful platform for gaining a foothold in the Andean region, as a producer of specialty coffee in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Venezuela. Belco Colombia has been responsible for sourcing, quality and transition activities for these origins since 2022.
Diego Zamora, Belco Branch Manager in Armenia.
The producers
Armando Benavides
ASOCANAFI
Edgar H Ossa
Elder Socorreno
Huver Castillo
Ivan - Pastor Anacona
Jesus Bedoya
José Amir Garzon
Justiniano Paya
Luz Calderon
Mildred Daza
Nestor-Adrian Lasso
Pablo Yugue
Edilberto Vergara
Gabriel Castano
Groupe de producteurs de Huila
José Libardo Diaz Toro
Laura Enciso
Oscar Daza
Reynel & Damien Coisne
Coffees product in Colombia
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